Lisefe tsa limolek'hule, e le li-adsorbent le li-catalyst tse sebetsang hantle haholo, li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa liindastering tse kang lik'hemik'hale tsa petrochemicals, karohano ea khase, le tlhahiso ea oksijene ea bongaka. Mefuta e fapaneng ea lisefe tsa limolek'hule, ka boholo ba tsona bo ikhethang ba li-pore le thepa ea lik'hemik'hale, e etselitsoe lits'ebetso tse fapaneng tsa indasteri. Sengoloa sena se fana ka selelekela se qaqileng sa 3A, 4A, 5A, 13X (ho kenyeletsoa 13X HP le 13X APG), le lisefe tsa limolek'hule tsa lithium, tse akaretsang litlhaloso tsa tsona, litšobotsi, lits'ebetso le liparamente tsa bohlokoa ho thusa babali ho utloisisa ka botlalo ts'ebetso e ikhethang ea "lisefe tsena tsa indasteri".
Lisefe tsa limolek'hule ke li-aluminosilicates tse entsoeng ka kristale tse nang le meaho e tšoanang ea li-microporous tse monyang limolek'hule ka mokhoa o ikhethileng ho latela boholo le polarity. Foromo ea tsona ea lik'hemik'hale ka kakaretso ke:
Mx/n[(AlO2)x(SiO2)y]⋅mH2O
mooMe emela di-cation (mohlala, Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺),nke valence ea cation, 'mex/ye lekanya boholo ba masoba.
Sefe ea limolek'hule ea 3A
Sefe ea limolek'hule ea Mofuta oa A e fapanyetsanoang ka potassium ion (K⁺) e nang le boholo ba pore ea ~3 Å (0.3 nm).
Likaroloana:
E monya limolek'hule tsa metsi feela (bophara ba 2.8 Å), ntle le limolek'hule tse kholoanyane (mohlala, ethylene, propane).
Matla a phahameng a mechini le ho hanyetsa ka matla tšilafalo.
Likopo:
- Ho omisa ethanol le khase ea peterole e metsi ka botebo.
- Ho felloa ke metsi ha di-refrigerant.
- Thibelo ea mongobo ka har'a polasetiki.
Sefe ea limolek'hule: 4A
Sefe ea limolek'hule ea Mofuta oa A e thehiloeng ho sodium ion (Na⁺) e nang le boholo ba pore ea 4 Å (0.4 nm).
Likaroloana:
E monya limolek'hule tse nyane tse kang metsi, methanol, ethanol le CO₂.E sebelisoa haholo lits'ebetsong tsa indasteri le tsa bareki tsa ho omisa.
Likopo:
- Ho tlosa mongobo lits'ebetsong tsa moea o hatelitsoeng.
- Tšireletso ea mongobo bakeng sa meriana le likarolo tsa elektroniki.
- Sehahi sa sesepa (se nolofatsang metsi).
Sefe ea limolek'hule ea 5A
Sefe ea limolek'hule ea mofuta oa A e fapanyetsanoang ke calcium ion (Ca²⁺) e nang le boholo ba pore ea 5 Å (0.5 nm).
Likaroloana:
- E monya di-alkane tse otlolohileng (mohlala, C₃H₈, n-C₄H₁₀) empa ha e kenyelle di-hydrocarbon tse nang le makala.
- E sebelisoa bakeng sa karohano ea isome ho hloekiseng peterole.
Likopo: - Ho tlosa oli ka oli e tala (ho ntlafatsa litšobotsi tsa phallo ea serame sa diesel).
- Karohano ea oksijene le naetrojene (tlhahiso ea oksijene ea PSA).
- Ho tlosa khase ea tlhaho ka sebabole (ho tlosoa ha H₂S le CO₂).
Sefe ea limolek'hule ea 13X
Sefe ea molek'hule ea mofuta oa sodium X e nang le boholo ba masoba a 10 Å (1.0 nm) le sebaka se phahameng sa bokaholimo.
Likaroloana:
Bokhoni bo ikhethang ba ho monya metsi bakeng sa limolek'hule tse kholo (mohlala, li-aromatics, hydrogen sulfide).
E sebelisoa haholo ho hloekiseng le ho arola khase.
Likopo:
Karohano ea moea (tlhahiso ea oksijene/naetrojene).
Ho omisa le ho tlosa khase ea tlhaho (ho tlosa CO₂).
Kalafo ea khase ea litšila tsa indasteri (ho monya ha VOCs).
13X HP (Tshebetso e Phahameng)
Tlhaloso: Sefe e ntlafalitsoeng ea limolek'hule ea 13X e nang le bokhoni bo phahameng ba ho monya le matla a ho sila.
Likaroloana:
- Bokgoni ba ho monya metsi bo phahameng ka 15–20% ho feta 13X e tloaelehileng.
- E loketse tikoloho e nang le khatello e phahameng le mongobo o phahameng.
Likopo: - Diyuniti tsa karohano ya moya wa cryogenic.
- Tlhahiso ea khase e hloekileng haholo (mohlala, naetrojene ea maemo a elektroniki).
13X APG (Kereiti ea Lifofane)
Sefe ea limolek'hule ea 13X e ntlafalitsoeng ke lifofane e nang le lerōle le tlaase le botsitso bo phahameng.
Likaroloana:
E latela maemo a lifofane (mohlala, MIL-D-3464E).
E hanela khoholeho ea phallo ea khase, e phela nako e telele.
Likopo:
Mekhoa ea potoloho ea moea ea lifofane (tlhahiso ea oksijene ka har'a k'habote).
Tlhoekiso ea khase ea likepe tsa sepakapaka.
Sefe ea Lithium ea Molecular (Li-LSX)
Sefe ea limolek'hule ea mofuta oa X e fapanyetsanoang ke lithium ion (Li⁺) e nang le boholo ba pore ea ~9 Å.
Likaroloana:
- Khetho e matla ea ho monya naetrojene (N₂), e nolofalletsang karohano e sebetsang hantle ea oksijene le naetrojene.
- E sebelisetsoa tlhahiso ea oksijene e sebetsang hantle haholo.
- Likopo:
- Li-concentrator tsa oksijene tsa bongaka (bohloeki ba >90% O₂).
- Ho tuka ho matlafalitsoeng ke oksijene ka har'a lionto tse phatlohang.
- Mekhoa ea tšehetso ea bophelo likepeng tse tsamaeang ka tlas'a metsi le lifofa-sebakeng.
| Mofuta | Boholo ba masoba | Mofuta oa Katiso | Limolek'hule tse ka Sehloohong tse Amohetsoeng | Kopo |
| 3X | 3 | K⁺ | H₂O | Ho felloa ke metsi ha ethanol, ho omisa LPG |
| 4X | 4 | Na⁺ | H₂O, CO₂, CH₃OH | Ho omisa moea, sesepa sa ho hlatswa |
| 5X | 5 | Ca²⁺ | li-n-alkanes, H₂S | Ho tlosa oli ka oli, PSA O₂ |
| 13X | 10 | Na⁺ | CO₂, H₂S, dinoko tse nkhang hamonate | Tlhoekiso ea khase ea tlhaho, karohano ea moea |
| 13X HP | 10 | Na⁺ (e ntlafalitsoe) | Limolek'hule tse khōlō tsa khase | Tlhahiso ea khase e hloekileng haholo |
| 13X APG | 10 | Na⁺ (lerole le tlaase) | Tlhoekiso ea khase ea lifofane | Mekhoa ea oksijene ea lifofane |
| Li-LSX | 9 | Li⁺ | N₂ (e khethiloeng) | Li-concentrator tsa oksijene tsa bongaka |
Nako ea poso: Mmesa-03-2025